A division earns net operating profit after tax of RM120 million on invested capital of RM1,000 million. Its WACC is 9%. What is its economic value added?
EVA = NOPAT − WACC × invested capital = 120 − 0.09 × 1,000 = RM30 million: the division earns RM30 million more than its capital costs. RM120 million is NOPAT before the capital charge. RM90 million is the capital charge itself. RM51.6 million applies a tax shield to the capital charge again, although the WACC is already an after-tax rate. Source: SIDC Module 12 Study Outline (Jul-Dec 2026) Section 8 (Topics 1, 3, 4, 8, 16, 17); Brealey, Myers and Allen, Principles of Corporate Finance (as at October 2026).
Forgetting the capital charge, or adjusting an after-tax WACC for tax again.
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